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How Murky Is the Water at the Bottom of the Canyon?

From currents, temperature, pressure and the weather at the surface, how cloudy is the water deep in Barkley Canyon? Turbidity shows how much material sinks to the deep sea, which matters for how the ocean stores carbon.

Use caseClimatePredictionModel evaluation

The table

Hourly readings from instruments deep in Barkley Canyon off Canada and a surface weather buoy, with the turbidity measured at depth. It's in Welt's research catalogue as Oceanic Biological Pump Barkley Canyon, 5,089 rows by 31 columns, licensed CC0. The catalogue measures its signal at 0.84. At 5,089 rows and 30 features the table is larger than the model limits allow, so the walkthrough evaluates and fits on a seeded sample of 4,000 rows. TabICLv2 and Kumo Tabular Medium compete.

Walkthrough

  1. Load it from the catalogue

    Find the table, read its recorded target and print the column names.

    import pandas as pd
    from welt import Client
    
    with Client() as client:
        item = client.research_datasets(q="Barkley Canyon biopump", limit=1)["items"][0]
        info = client.research_dataset(item["id"])
        data = client.load_research_dataset(item["id"])
    
    target = info["targets"][0]
    target = target["name"] if isinstance(target, dict) else target
    print([column["name"] for column in info["schema"]], target)
  2. Pick the rows

    Set aside 20 rows to predict at the end. The models learn from a seeded sample of 4,000 of the rest, the most this table's width allows.

    known = data.dropna(subset=[target])
    new_rows = known.sample(20, random_state=1)
    table = known.drop(new_rows.index).sample(4000, random_state=7)
  3. Compare the models and predict

    The models compete on the same folds against a simple guess, then the top-ranked one is fitted on the whole table. RMSE and MAE are average errors in the target's own units, so lower is better. The last table puts each prediction next to the real answer.

    with Client() as client:
        evaluation = client.evaluate(table, target, task="regression", seed=7,
                                     models=["tabicl-v2", "kumo-medium"])
        model = evaluation.fit()
    
    print(evaluation.summary()[["name", "rank", "rmse_mean", "mae_mean"]])
    features = new_rows.drop(columns=target)
    print(pd.DataFrame({"actual": new_rows[target].values, "predicted": model.predict(features)}))

What you get

Turbidity per hourAn estimate from the other instruments.
Gaps filledKeep the record going when a sensor is fouled.
A strong signalThe catalogue measures a high signal.

Try it

Use Open with to run the research datasets notebook in Colab, Kaggle or Jupyter and search for "Barkley Canyon biopump", or run the code above after pip install "welt-client[parquet]".