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Is This Glass from a Building Window?

From its refractive index and oxide contents, is this glass fragment the most common type, building window glass? Forensic teams use exactly this kind of test on glass left at a scene.

Use caseSciencePredictionModel evaluation

The table

214 glass samples with refractive index and the share of sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon and other oxides, labelled by whether they're the majority type. It's in Welt's research catalogue as Glass Binarized, 214 rows by 10 columns, licensed CC BY 4.0. The catalogue measures its signal at 0.60. At 214 rows and 9 features, TabICLv2, Kumo Tabular Medium, Mitra-v2 and TabDPT 1.3 take the table as it is.

Walkthrough

  1. Load it from the catalogue

    Find the table, read its recorded target and print the column names.

    import pandas as pd
    from welt import Client
    
    with Client() as client:
        item = client.research_datasets(q="glass binarized", limit=1)["items"][0]
        info = client.research_dataset(item["id"])
        data = client.load_research_dataset(item["id"])
    
    target = info["targets"][0]
    target = target["name"] if isinstance(target, dict) else target
    print([column["name"] for column in info["schema"]], target)
  2. Pick the rows

    Set aside 20 rows to predict at the end, and keep the rest for the models to learn from.

    known = data.dropna(subset=[target])
    new_rows = known.sample(20, random_state=1)
    table = known.drop(new_rows.index)
  3. Compare the models and predict

    The models compete on the same folds against a simple guess, then the top-ranked one is fitted on the whole table. ROC AUC runs from 0.5, a coin toss, to 1, a perfect ranking, and a lower Brier score means the probabilities can be trusted more. The last table puts each prediction next to the real answer.

    with Client() as client:
        evaluation = client.evaluate(table, target, task="classification", seed=7,
                                     models=["tabicl-v2", "kumo-medium", "mitra-v2", "tabdpt-1.3"])
        model = evaluation.fit()
    
    print(evaluation.summary()[["name", "rank", "roc_auc_mean", "brier_mean"]])
    features = new_rows.drop(columns=target)
    print(pd.DataFrame({"actual": new_rows[target].values, "predicted": model.predict(features),
                        "probability": model.predict_proba(features).max(axis=1)}))

What you get

A probability per fragmentWindow glass or not.
Small data handledEvery model in the collection can take 214 rows.
A classic forensic tableCompare with published results.

Try it

Use Open with to run the research datasets notebook in Colab, Kaggle or Jupyter and search for "glass binarized", or run the code above after pip install "welt-client[parquet]".