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Will This Machine Fail?

Given its temperatures, speed, torque and tool wear, is this milling machine about to fail? Catching failures before they happen turns an emergency stop into a planned repair.

Use caseEngineeringPredictionModel evaluation

The table

10,000 machine readings with product type, air and process temperature, rotational speed, torque and tool wear, and whether the machine failed. It's in Welt's research catalogue as AI4I 2020 Predictive Maintenance, 10,000 rows by 7 columns, licensed CC BY 4.0. The catalogue measures its signal at 0.45. At 10,000 rows and 6 features the table is larger than the model limits allow, so the walkthrough evaluates and fits on a seeded sample of 8,000 rows. TabICLv2 and Kumo Tabular Medium compete.

Walkthrough

  1. Load it from the catalogue

    Find the table, read its recorded target and print the column names.

    import pandas as pd
    from welt import Client
    
    with Client() as client:
        item = client.research_datasets(q="AI4I 2020 predictive maintenance", limit=1)["items"][0]
        info = client.research_dataset(item["id"])
        data = client.load_research_dataset(item["id"])
    
    target = info["targets"][0]
    target = target["name"] if isinstance(target, dict) else target
    print([column["name"] for column in info["schema"]], target)
  2. Pick the rows

    Set aside 20 rows to predict at the end. The models learn from a seeded sample of 8,000 of the rest, the most this table's width allows.

    known = data.dropna(subset=[target])
    new_rows = known.sample(20, random_state=1)
    table = known.drop(new_rows.index).sample(8000, random_state=7)
  3. Compare the models and predict

    The models compete on the same folds against a simple guess, then the top-ranked one is fitted on the whole table. ROC AUC runs from 0.5, a coin toss, to 1, a perfect ranking, and a lower Brier score means the probabilities can be trusted more. The last table puts each prediction next to the real answer.

    with Client() as client:
        evaluation = client.evaluate(table, target, task="classification", seed=7,
                                     models=["tabicl-v2", "kumo-medium"])
        model = evaluation.fit()
    
    print(evaluation.summary()[["name", "rank", "roc_auc_mean", "brier_mean"]])
    features = new_rows.drop(columns=target)
    print(pd.DataFrame({"actual": new_rows[target].values, "predicted": model.predict(features),
                        "probability": model.predict_proba(features).max(axis=1)}))

What you get

A failure risk per readingEach new reading gets a probability of failure.
Planned repairsBook maintenance for the machines most at risk.
Rare events checkedThe leaderboard shows how well failures are caught, not just overall accuracy.

Try it

Use Open with to run the research datasets notebook in Colab, Kaggle or Jupyter and search for "AI4I 2020 predictive maintenance", or run the code above after pip install "welt-client[parquet]".