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What State Is the Shuttle's System In?

From nine sensor readings, which operating state is the system in? Engineers need to catch the rare abnormal states quickly, without a hand-built rule for each one.

Use caseEngineeringPredictionModel evaluation

The table

58,000 rows of nine numeric sensor attributes from NASA's shuttle, each labelled with the system's state. It's in Welt's research catalogue as Statlog Shuttle, 58,000 rows by 10 columns, licensed CC BY 4.0. The catalogue measures its signal at 0.67. At 58,000 rows and 9 features the table is larger than the model limits allow, so the walkthrough evaluates and fits on a seeded sample of 8,000 rows. TabICLv2 and Kumo Tabular Medium compete.

Walkthrough

  1. Load it from the catalogue

    Find the table, read its recorded target and print the column names.

    import pandas as pd
    from welt import Client
    
    with Client() as client:
        item = client.research_datasets(q="statlog shuttle", limit=1)["items"][0]
        info = client.research_dataset(item["id"])
        data = client.load_research_dataset(item["id"])
    
    target = info["targets"][0]
    target = target["name"] if isinstance(target, dict) else target
    print([column["name"] for column in info["schema"]], target)
  2. Pick the rows

    Set aside 20 rows to predict at the end. The models learn from a seeded sample of 8,000 of the rest, the most this table's width allows.

    known = data.dropna(subset=[target])
    new_rows = known.sample(20, random_state=1)
    table = known.drop(new_rows.index).sample(8000, random_state=7)
  3. Compare the models and predict

    The models compete on the same folds against a simple guess, then the top-ranked one is fitted on the whole table. ROC AUC runs from 0.5, a coin toss, to 1, a perfect ranking, and a lower Brier score means the probabilities can be trusted more. The last table puts each prediction next to the real answer.

    with Client() as client:
        evaluation = client.evaluate(table, target, task="classification", seed=7,
                                     models=["tabicl-v2", "kumo-medium"])
        model = evaluation.fit()
    
    print(evaluation.summary()[["name", "rank", "roc_auc_mean", "brier_mean"]])
    features = new_rows.drop(columns=target)
    print(pd.DataFrame({"actual": new_rows[target].values, "predicted": model.predict(features),
                        "probability": model.predict_proba(features).max(axis=1)}))

What you get

A state per readingEvery new set of readings gets a state and a probability.
Rare states caughtCheck the per-class scores for the states that matter most.
No rules to maintainThe model learns the boundaries from the data.

Try it

Use Open with to run the research datasets notebook in Colab, Kaggle or Jupyter and search for "statlog shuttle", or run the code above after pip install "welt-client[parquet]".