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Which Sentence Answers the Question?

From how a reader's eyes moved over a word, is it irrelevant, relevant, or part of the answer they were looking for? Search tools could one day use gaze to learn what people find useful.

Use caseSciencePredictionModel evaluation

The table

Words read by people answering questions, with fixation, saccade and pupil measures, labelled irrelevant, relevant or correct answer. It's in Welt's research catalogue as Eye Movements Relevance, 10,936 rows by 28 columns, licensed Public. The catalogue measures its signal at 0.44. At 10,936 rows and 27 features the table is larger than the model limits allow, so the walkthrough evaluates and fits on a seeded sample of 4,000 rows. TabICLv2 and Kumo Tabular Medium compete.

Walkthrough

  1. Load it from the catalogue

    Find the table, read its recorded target and print the column names.

    import pandas as pd
    from welt import Client
    
    with Client() as client:
        item = client.research_datasets(q="eye movements relevance", limit=1)["items"][0]
        info = client.research_dataset(item["id"])
        data = client.load_research_dataset(item["id"])
    
    target = info["targets"][0]
    target = target["name"] if isinstance(target, dict) else target
    print([column["name"] for column in info["schema"]], target)
  2. Pick the rows

    Set aside 20 rows to predict at the end. The models learn from a seeded sample of 4,000 of the rest, the most this table's width allows.

    known = data.dropna(subset=[target])
    new_rows = known.sample(20, random_state=1)
    table = known.drop(new_rows.index).sample(4000, random_state=7)
  3. Compare the models and predict

    The models compete on the same folds against a simple guess, then the top-ranked one is fitted on the whole table. ROC AUC runs from 0.5, a coin toss, to 1, a perfect ranking, and a lower Brier score means the probabilities can be trusted more. The last table puts each prediction next to the real answer.

    with Client() as client:
        evaluation = client.evaluate(table, target, task="classification", seed=7,
                                     models=["tabicl-v2", "kumo-medium"])
        model = evaluation.fit()
    
    print(evaluation.summary()[["name", "rank", "roc_auc_mean", "brier_mean"]])
    features = new_rows.drop(columns=target)
    print(pd.DataFrame({"actual": new_rows[target].values, "predicted": model.predict(features),
                        "probability": model.predict_proba(features).max(axis=1)}))

What you get

A label per wordWith a probability for each class.
Gaze as feedbackSee how much eye movements reveal.
An honest signalThe catalogue measures a modest signal.

Try it

Use Open with to run the research datasets notebook in Colab, Kaggle or Jupyter and search for "eye movements relevance", or run the code above after pip install "welt-client[parquet]".