Which Sentence Answers the Question?
From how a reader's eyes moved over a word, is it irrelevant, relevant, or part of the answer they were looking for? Search tools could one day use gaze to learn what people find useful.
The table
Words read by people answering questions, with fixation, saccade and pupil measures, labelled irrelevant, relevant or correct answer. It's in Welt's research catalogue as Eye Movements Relevance, 10,936 rows by 28 columns, licensed Public. The catalogue measures its signal at 0.44. At 10,936 rows and 27 features the table is larger than the model limits allow, so the walkthrough evaluates and fits on a seeded sample of 4,000 rows. TabICLv2 and Kumo Tabular Medium compete.
Walkthrough
Load it from the catalogue
Find the table, read its recorded target and print the column names.
import pandas as pd from welt import Client with Client() as client: item = client.research_datasets(q="eye movements relevance", limit=1)["items"][0] info = client.research_dataset(item["id"]) data = client.load_research_dataset(item["id"]) target = info["targets"][0] target = target["name"] if isinstance(target, dict) else target print([column["name"] for column in info["schema"]], target)Pick the rows
Set aside 20 rows to predict at the end. The models learn from a seeded sample of 4,000 of the rest, the most this table's width allows.
known = data.dropna(subset=[target]) new_rows = known.sample(20, random_state=1) table = known.drop(new_rows.index).sample(4000, random_state=7)Compare the models and predict
The models compete on the same folds against a simple guess, then the top-ranked one is fitted on the whole table. ROC AUC runs from 0.5, a coin toss, to 1, a perfect ranking, and a lower Brier score means the probabilities can be trusted more. The last table puts each prediction next to the real answer.
with Client() as client: evaluation = client.evaluate(table, target, task="classification", seed=7, models=["tabicl-v2", "kumo-medium"]) model = evaluation.fit() print(evaluation.summary()[["name", "rank", "roc_auc_mean", "brier_mean"]]) features = new_rows.drop(columns=target) print(pd.DataFrame({"actual": new_rows[target].values, "predicted": model.predict(features), "probability": model.predict_proba(features).max(axis=1)}))
What you get
Try it
Use Open with to run the research datasets notebook in Colab, Kaggle or Jupyter and search for "eye movements relevance", or run the code above after pip install "welt-client[parquet]".
Open with
- Type
- Use case
- Area
- Science
- Question
- Which Sentence Answers the Question?
- Model
- TabICLv2, Kumo Tabular Medium
- Data
- Eye Movements Relevance, 10,936 rows
- For
- Cognitive scientists and search-engine researchers
- Licence
- Public