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Is That Sonar Echo a Mine or a Rock?

From the energy in 60 frequency bands of a sonar return, did the pulse bounce off a metal cylinder or a rock? With 208 echoes and 60 features, it's a small, wide table.

Use caseEngineeringPredictionModel evaluation

The table

208 sonar returns with energy in 60 frequency bands, labelled mine (metal cylinder) or rock. It's in Welt's research catalogue as Sonar: Mines versus Rocks, 208 rows by 61 columns, licensed CC BY 4.0. The catalogue measures its signal at 0.67. At 208 rows and 60 features, TabICLv2, Kumo Tabular Medium and Mitra-v2 take the table as it is. The others can't take a table this size, so the walkthrough leaves them out.

Walkthrough

  1. Load it from the catalogue

    Find the table, read its recorded target and print the column names.

    import pandas as pd
    from welt import Client
    
    with Client() as client:
        item = client.research_datasets(q="sonar mines rocks", limit=1)["items"][0]
        info = client.research_dataset(item["id"])
        data = client.load_research_dataset(item["id"])
    
    target = info["targets"][0]
    target = target["name"] if isinstance(target, dict) else target
    print([column["name"] for column in info["schema"]], target)
  2. Pick the rows

    Set aside 20 rows to predict at the end, and keep the rest for the models to learn from.

    known = data.dropna(subset=[target])
    new_rows = known.sample(20, random_state=1)
    table = known.drop(new_rows.index)
  3. Compare the models and predict

    The models compete on the same folds against a simple guess, then the top-ranked one is fitted on the whole table. ROC AUC runs from 0.5, a coin toss, to 1, a perfect ranking, and a lower Brier score means the probabilities can be trusted more. The last table puts each prediction next to the real answer.

    with Client() as client:
        evaluation = client.evaluate(table, target, task="classification", seed=7,
                                     models=["tabicl-v2", "kumo-medium", "mitra-v2"])
        model = evaluation.fit()
    
    print(evaluation.summary()[["name", "rank", "roc_auc_mean", "brier_mean"]])
    features = new_rows.drop(columns=target)
    print(pd.DataFrame({"actual": new_rows[target].values, "predicted": model.predict(features),
                        "probability": model.predict_proba(features).max(axis=1)}))

What you get

A probability per echoMine or rock.
Small, wide data handled208 rows and 60 features, no tuning.
A classic benchmarkCompare with published results.

Try it

Use Open with to run the research datasets notebook in Colab, Kaggle or Jupyter and search for "sonar mines rocks", or run the code above after pip install "welt-client[parquet]".