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How Well Will This Person's Kidneys Work in Four Years?

From a 2011 kidney test, blood fat levels, diabetes, blood pressure and lifestyle, what will this person's kidney function be in 2015? Spotting decline early is when treatment works best.

Use caseHealthcarePredictionModel evaluation

The table

5,779 adults with kidney function (eGFR) measured in 2011, a blood-fat ratio called AIP, diabetes status, blood pressure and lifestyle, and eGFR again in 2015. It's in Welt's research catalogue as AIP, Cumulative AIP, Type 2 Diabetes and CKD: Complete-Case Analysis, 5,779 rows by 23 columns, licensed CC BY 4.0. The catalogue measures its signal at 0.39. At 5,779 rows and 22 features the table is larger than the model limits allow, so the walkthrough evaluates and fits on a seeded sample of 4,000 rows. TabICLv2 and Kumo Tabular Medium compete.

Walkthrough

  1. Load it from the catalogue

    Find the table, read its recorded target and print the column names.

    import pandas as pd
    from welt import Client
    
    with Client() as client:
        item = client.research_datasets(q="AIP cumulative type 2 diabetes CKD", limit=1)["items"][0]
        info = client.research_dataset(item["id"])
        data = client.load_research_dataset(item["id"])
    
    target = info["targets"][0]
    target = target["name"] if isinstance(target, dict) else target
    print([column["name"] for column in info["schema"]], target)
  2. Pick the rows

    Set aside 20 rows to predict at the end. The models learn from a seeded sample of 4,000 of the rest, the most this table's width allows.

    known = data.dropna(subset=[target])
    new_rows = known.sample(20, random_state=1)
    table = known.drop(new_rows.index).sample(4000, random_state=7)
  3. Compare the models and predict

    The models compete on the same folds against a simple guess, then the top-ranked one is fitted on the whole table. RMSE and MAE are average errors in the target's own units, so lower is better. The last table puts each prediction next to the real answer.

    with Client() as client:
        evaluation = client.evaluate(table, target, task="regression", seed=7,
                                     models=["tabicl-v2", "kumo-medium"])
        model = evaluation.fit()
    
    print(evaluation.summary()[["name", "rank", "rmse_mean", "mae_mean"]])
    features = new_rows.drop(columns=target)
    print(pd.DataFrame({"actual": new_rows[target].values, "predicted": model.predict(features)}))

What you get

A four-year estimateKidney function predicted from today's checks.
Who to watchRank people by predicted decline.
An honest signalThe catalogue measures a modest signal, so read the baseline comparison.

Try it

Use Open with to run the research datasets notebook in Colab, Kaggle or Jupyter and search for "AIP cumulative type 2 diabetes CKD", or run the code above after pip install "welt-client[parquet]".